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The Plant Kingdom is an important topic for competitive exams like SSC, UPSC, and other state-level tests. It plays a significant role in the biology and general science sections, testing your knowledge of diverse plant groups, their classifications, structures, and life cycles. Understanding the Plant Kingdom is essential, as it forms the basis for topics like biodiversity, ecology, and agriculture.
This blog is a series of MCQs bringing together the most important information from the Plant Kingdom. The questions here will not only help you master some fundamental principles, such as how plants are classified, into algae, bryophytes, pteridophytes, gymnosperms, and angiosperms, along with unique characteristics and importance.
Whether you are preparing for SSC, UPSC, or any other competitive test, these MCQs will help you in building your understanding and developing your problem-solving skills. Let’s explore the interesting world of the Plant Kingdom and get ready for exams!
MCQs on Plant Kingdom
Q1. Which of the plant groups needs both land and water to complete their life cycle?
a) Pteridophyta
b) Thallophyta
c) Bryophyta
d) Pryophyta
Option : C
• Are Called Amphibians of plant kingdom
• Plant body differentiated to form stem & leaf like structures.
Q2. A plant that has seeds but no flowers and fruits?
a) Angiosperms
b) Gymnosperms
c) Pteridophyta
d) Bryophyta
Option : B
• gymno naked + sperma seed
• Bear naked seeds
• Are perennial, evergreen & woody.
Q3. Most primitive vascular plants?
a) Mosses
b) Ferns
c) Cycads
d) Kelps
Option : B
• Pteridophyta
Eg
Marsilea, ferns & horse tails.
Q4. Plants that possess spores and embryo but lack vascular tissues and seeds?
a) Bryophyta
b) angiosperms
c) Pteridophyta
d) Gymnosperm
Option : A
• No specialized tissue (for conduction of water & other substances )
• Eg moss(funaria) & Marchantia
Q5. Angiosperms are the dominant flora because of
a) Domestication by man
B) Power of adapting in diverse habitats
c) Self pollination property
d) Property of producing a large number of seeds
Option : B
• angio covered + sperma seed
• Also called flowering plants
Q6. Plants reproducing by spores are grouped under
a) Bryophytes
b) Sporophytes
c) Cryptogams
d)Thallophytes
Option : C
• Reproductive organs of plants in Thallophyta, bryophyta & Pteridophyta are very inconspicuous, therefore called Cryptogams (hidden reproductive organs)
Q7. Plants having vascular tissue without seeds
a) Angiosperm
b) Pteridophytes
c) Bryophytes
d) Gymnosperms
Option : B
• Plant body differentiated into roots, stem & leaves
• Has specialized tissue for conduction
Q8. Conifers can tolerate extreme environments because of
a) Presence of vessels
b) Thick cuticle
c) Superficial stomata
d) Broad hardy leaves
Option : B
Q9. The cell wall of Spirogyra contains
a) Cellulose
b) Chitin
c) Lignin
d) Suberin
Option : A
• Have cell walls made of tough complex sugar called chitin
Q10. Botanical snakes are :
a) Bryophyta
b) Pteridophyta
c) Thallophyta
d) Angiosperms
Option : B
• This group is further classified naked seeds or seeds enclosed in fruits
Q11. The characteristic trait of the plant body of bryophtyes is that:
a) plant body is more differentiated than that of algae.
b) plant body is equally differentiated to that of algae.
c) plant body is less differentiated than that of algae.
d) plant body is not differentiated.
Option : A
Q12. Fruits are not formed in gymnosperms because of:
a) Absence of pollination
b) Absence of seed
c) Absence of fertilization
d) Absence of ovary
Option : D
• Eg pines & deodar
Q13. Which plant group is considered the link between aquatic and terrestrial plants?
a) Gymnosperms
b) Bryophytes
c) Pteridophytes
d) Thallophytes
Option: B
- Explanation: Bryophytes are often called amphibians of the plant kingdom as they require water for reproduction but live on land.
Q14. The plant group with the most advanced vascular system is:
a) Thallophytes
b) Pteridophytes
c) Angiosperms
d) Bryophytes
Option: C
- Explanation: Angiosperms have well-developed vascular tissues, including xylem and phloem, to transport water and nutrients.
Q15. Which plant group is the first to develop true roots, stems, and leaves?
a) Thallophytes
b) Pteridophytes
c) Gymnosperms
d) Bryophytes
Option: B
- Explanation: Pteridophytes are the first vascular plants with distinct roots, stems, and leaves.
Q16. The dominant phase in the life cycle of angiosperms is:
a) Sporophyte
b) Gametophyte
c) Prothallus
d) Zygote
Option: A
- Explanation: In angiosperms, the sporophyte phase is dominant and independent.
Q17. Which plant group lacks seeds but reproduces via spores?
a) Gymnosperms
b) Angiosperms
c) Pteridophytes
d) Bryophytes
Option: C
- Explanation: Pteridophytes reproduce by spores and do not produce seeds.
Q18. The term “cryptogams” refers to:
a) Flowering plants
b) Seed-bearing plants
c) Non-seed-bearing plants
d) Woody plants
Option: C
- Explanation: Cryptogams include non-seed-bearing plants such as Thallophyta, Bryophyta, and Pteridophyta.
Q19. Which of these is an example of a gymnosperm?
a) Pine
b) Fern
c) Moss
d) Spirogyra
Option: A
- Explanation: Pine is a gymnosperm that produces seeds without fruits.
Q20. In which plant group is the gametophyte independent?
a) Angiosperms
b) Gymnosperms
c) Pteridophytes
d) Bryophytes
Option: D
- Explanation: In Bryophytes, the gametophyte is the dominant and independent phase.
Q21. Which plant group includes organisms with a thallus-like body structure?
a) Pteridophytes
b) Thallophytes
c) Bryophytes
d) Gymnosperms
Option: B
- Explanation: Thallophytes, like algae, have a simple, thalloid body structure.
Q22. Which plant group is characterized by the presence of seeds enclosed in fruits?
a) Gymnosperms
b) Angiosperms
c) Pteridophytes
d) Bryophytes
Option: B
- Explanation: Angiosperms produce seeds within fruits, distinguishing them from gymnosperms.
Q23. Which of the following is an example of a pteridophyte?
a) Cycas
b) Fern
c) Chara
d) Funaria
Option: B
- Explanation: Ferns belong to the Pteridophyte group and reproduce via spores.
Q24. The dominant stage in the life cycle of bryophytes is:
a) Sporophyte
b) Gametophyte
c) Zygote
d) Seed
Option: B
- Explanation: The gametophyte is the dominant and photosynthetic stage in Bryophytes.
Q25. In gymnosperms, pollination occurs through:
a) Water
b) Insects
c) Wind
d) Birds
Option: C
- Explanation: Gymnosperms are wind-pollinated plants.
Q26. A distinguishing feature of algae is the presence of:
a) Stomata
b) Vascular tissues
c) Chlorophyll
d) Seeds
Option: C
- Explanation: Algae have chlorophyll and perform photosynthesis but lack vascular tissues and seeds.
Q27. Which of the following plants is known for nitrogen fixation?
a) Fern
b) Rhizobium
c) Nostoc
d) Cycas
Option: C
- Explanation: Nostoc is a blue-green alga capable of nitrogen fixation.
Q28. Xylem in plants is primarily responsible for:
a) Photosynthesis
b) Water transport
c) Food transport
d) Seed dispersal
Option: B
- Explanation: Xylem transports water and minerals from roots to the rest of the plant.
Q29. Which plant group is known as the “naked seed” plants?
a) Angiosperms
b) Bryophytes
c) Gymnosperms
d) Pteridophytes
Option: C
- Explanation: Gymnosperms produce seeds that are not enclosed in fruits, hence the term “naked seed.”
Q30. In which group is the reproductive structure known as an archegonium found?
a) Angiosperms
b) Gymnosperms
c) Bryophytes and Pteridophytes
d) Algae
Option: C
- Explanation: Archegonium is a female reproductive structure found in Bryophytes and Pteridophytes.
Q31. Rhizoids are characteristic of:
a) Bryophytes
b) Pteridophytes
c) Gymnosperms
d) Angiosperms
Option: A
- Explanation: Bryophytes possess rhizoids for anchorage instead of true roots.
Q32. The male reproductive structure in gymnosperms is called:
a) Antheridium
b) Archegonium
c) Microsporangium
d) Pollen grain
Option: C
- Explanation: Microsporangium produces pollen grains, the male gametes in gymnosperms.
Question for you
Q. Vascular tissue is not found in
a) Bryophyta
b) Pteridophyta
c) Gymnosperms
d) Angiosperms.
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Biological classification
In the End
• 2 kingdom classification (Linnaeus) Plantae & Animalia
• 5 kingdom classification (Robert Whittaker) in 1969 Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae & Animalia.
• These group are formed on the basis of their cell structure, mode & source of nutrition & body organization.
Hierarchy of classification
- Basic unit of classification species
- Species includes all organisms that are similar enough to breed & perpetuate.
Monera
• These organisms do not have defined nucleus or organelles
• Do not show multicellular body design
• Some have cell walls while some do not
• Mode of nutrition can be
Autotrophic
Heterotrophic
- includes bacteria, blue green algae or cyanobacteria & mycoplasma
Protista
• Includes unicellular eukaryotic organisms
• Use appendages, such as hair like cilia or whip like flagella for moving around
• Mode of nutrition autotrophic or heterotrophic
• Eg unicellular algae, diatoms & protozoans.
Fungi
• Heterotrophic eukaryotic organisms
• Some Use decaying organic material as food, therefore called Saprotrophs
• Others require a living protoplasm of a host organism for food called Parasites
• Many have capacity to become multicellular organisms @ certain stages in
their lives
• Eg
yeasts, molds & mushrooms
Fungi have
• Have cell walls made of tough complex sugar called chitin
• Some fungal species live in permanent mutually dependent relationship with blue green algae or cyanobacteria called symbiotic relationship
• These symbiotic life forms are called lichens (slow growing large coloured patches on the bark of trees.
Plantae
• Are multicellular eukaryotes with cell walls
• Are autotrophs
• Use chlorophyll for photosynthesis
• Includes all plants
Animalia
• Include all organisms which are multicellular eukaryotes without
cell walls
• Are heterotrophs
Plantae
• Level of classification
1 whether plant body has well differentiated, distinct part
2 whether has special tissues for the transport of water & other substances
3 whether has ability to bear seeds
4 whether seeds are enclosed within fruits
- included
1 Thallophyta
2 Bryophyta
3 Pteridophyta
4 Gymnosperms
5 Angiosperms
Thallophyta
• Do not have well differentiated body design
• Commonly called algae
• Are predominantly aquatic
• Eg
spirogyra, ulothrix, cladophora, ulva & chara
Bryophyta
• Are Called Amphibians of plant kingdom
• Plant body differentiated to form stem & leaf like structures
• No specialized tissue (for conduction of water & other substances )
•Eg
moss(funaria) & Marchantia
Pteridophyta
• Plant body differentiated into roots, stem & leaves
• Has specialized tissue for conduction
• Eg
Marsilea, ferns & horse tails
• Reproductive organs of plants in Thallophyta, bryophyta & Pteridophyta are very inconspicuous, therefore called Cryptogams (hidden reproductive
organs) Pteridophyta
Gymnosperms
• Derived from 2 greek words : gymno naked + sperma seed
• Bear naked seeds
• Are perennial, evergreen & woody
• Eg
pines & deodar
Angiosperms
• Derived from 2 greek words : angio covered + sperma seed
• Also called flowering plants
• Seeds develop inside an ovary which modified to become fruit
• Plant embryos in seed have structures called Cotyledons (are
called seed leaves )
• Divided into 2 groups on the basis of the no. Of cotyledons or present in the seed :
1 plants with seed having single cotyledon called monocotyledonous or monocots
2 plants with seed having 2 cotyledons called dicots
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